Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. )exports of goods and services: 34.6% (2017 est. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. [185], This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. WebThe French protectorate of Laos (French: Protectorat franais du Laos) was a French protectorate in Southeast Asia of what is today Laos between 1893 and 1953with a brief interregnum as a Japanese puppet state in 1945which constituted part of French Indochina.It was established over the Siamese vassal, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang, [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. )3.32% (2019 est.). ), total dependency ratio: 54.7youth dependency ratio: 48elderly dependency ratio: 6.7potential support ratio: 14.8 (2021 est. ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. Laosball, officially the Lao Peoples Democratic Republicball, is a communist countryball located in Southeast Asia. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. 1946. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. )male: 53.3% (2020 est. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. The Laos Government carried out resettlement programs between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s to relocate ethnic minority groups from the rural northern highlands to development areas in the lowlands ostensibly to alleviate poverty, make basic services more accessible, eliminate slash-and-burn agriculture and opium production, integrate ethnic minorities, and control rebel groups (including Hmong insurgents). For many, however, resettlement has exacerbated poverty, led to the loss of livelihoods, and increased food insecurity and mortality rates. As the resettlement programs started to wane in the second half of the 1990s, migration from the northern highlands to urban centers chiefly the capital Vientiane to pursue better jobs in the growing manufacturing and service sectors became the main type of relocation. Migration of villagers from the south seeking work in neighboring Thailand also increased. Thailand is the main international migration destination for Laotians because of the greater availability of jobs and higher pay than at home; nearly a million Laotian migrants were estimated to live in Thailand as of 2015. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. It has a basic, but improving, road system, and limited external and internal land-line telecommunications. TFR is higher in rural and remote areas, among ethnic minority groups, the less-educated, and the poor; it is lower in urban areas and among the more educated and those with higher incomes. Although Laos mortality rates have improved substantially over the last few decades, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition remain at high levels. As fertility and mortality rates continue to decline, the proportion of Laos working-age population will increase, and its share of dependents will shrink. The age structure shift will provide Laos with the potential to realize a demographic dividend during the next few decades, if it can improve educational access and quality and gainfully employ its growing working-age population in productive sectors. Currently, Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic. Secondary school enrollment has also increased but remains low, especially for girls., Laos has historically been a country of emigration and internal displacement due to conflict and a weak economy. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. )imports: 1.345 billion kWh (2019 est. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. )consumption: 5,108,640,000 kWh (2019 est. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. )$7,800 (2020 est. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. ), total subscriptions: 1.491 million (2020 est. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS ), Thailand 36%, China 28%, Vietnam 16% (2019), electricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019), $6.527 billion (2021 est.) [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the dominant style of folk music. WebKingdom 2 To Distant Lands (Harukanaru Daichi E) 2022 135 Pht. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. Usually called Laos. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. 0-14 years: 31.25% (male 1,177,297/female 1,149,727)15-24 years: 20.6% (male 763,757/female 770,497)25-54 years: 38.29% (male 1,407,823/female 1,443,774)55-64 years: 5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)65 years and over: 4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. )services: 45.9% (2017 est. ), $14.9 billion (31 December 2017 est. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. Influences: 12 Oct. 1945 - 24 Apr. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. At the same time, Laos has expanded its economic reliance on the West and other Asian countries, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. )5.46% (2019 est. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. ), conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republicconventional short form: Laoslocal long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Laolocal short form: Mueang Lao (unofficial)etymology: name means "Land of the Lao [people]", name: Vientiane (Viangchan)geographic coordinates: 17 58 N, 102 36 Etime difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the meaning in Pali, a Buddhist liturgical language, is "city of sandalwood", 17 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural) and 1 prefecture* (kampheng nakhon); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang (Luang Prabang), Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan (Vientiane)*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xaisomboun, Xekong, Xiangkhouang, 19 July 1949 (from France by the Franco-Lao General Convention); 22 October 1953 (Franco-Lao Treaty recognizes full independence), Republic Day (National Day), 2 December (1975), history: previous 1947 (preindependence); latest promulgated 13-15 August 1991amendments: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership and promulgation by the president of the republic; amended 2003, 2015, civil law system similar in form to the French system, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Laosdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, chief of state: President THONGLOUN Sisoulit (since 22 March 2021); Vice Presidents PANI Yathotou and BOUNTHONG Chitmani (since 22 March 2021)head of government: Prime Minister PHANKHAM Viphavan (since 22 March 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers CHANSAMON Chan-gnalat, SONXAI Siphandon, KIKEO Khaikhamphithoun (since 22 March 2021); VILAI Lakhamfong, SALEUMXAI Kommasit (since June 2022)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the National Assemblyelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 22 March 2021 (next to be held in March 2026); prime minister nominated by the president, elected by the National Assembly for 5-year termelection results: 2021: THONGLOUN Sisoulit (LPRP) elected president; National Assembly vote: 161-1; PANI Yathotou and BOUNTHONG Chitmani (LPRP) elected vice presidents; National Assembly vote NA; PHANKHAM Viphavan (LPRP) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote: 158-32016: BOUNNYANG Vorachit (LPRP) elected president; PHANKHAM Viphavan (LPRP) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA; THONGLOUN Sisoulit (LPRP) elected prime minister; percent of National Assembly vote - NA, description: unicameral National Assembly or Sapha Heng Xat (164 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote from candidate lists provided by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party; members serve 5-year terms)elections: last held on 21 February 2021 (next to be held in 2026)election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LPRP 158, independent 6; composition - men 128, women 36, percent of women 21.9%, highest court(s): People's Supreme Court (consists of the court president and organized into criminal, civil, administrative, commercial, family, and juvenile chambers, each with a vice president and several judges)judge selection and term of office: president of People's Supreme Court appointed by the National Assembly upon the recommendation of the president of the republic for a 5-year term; vice presidents of the People's Supreme Court appointed by the president of the republic upon the recommendation of the National Assembly; appointment of chamber judges NA; tenure of court vice presidents and chamber judges NAsubordinate courts: appellate courts; provincial, municipal, district, and military courts, Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [THONGLOUN Sisoulit]note: other parties proscribed, ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador SisavathINPHACHANH (since 7 June 2022)chancery: 2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 328-9148; [1] (202) 332-6416FAX: [1] (202) 332-4923email address and website: embasslao@gmail.com; laoemb@verizon.nethttps://laoembassy.com/consulate(s): New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Peter HAYMOND (since 7 February 2020)embassy: Ban Somvang Tai, Thadeua Road, Km 9,Hatsayfong District, Vientianemailing address: 4350 Vientiane Place, Washington DC 20521-4350telephone: [856] 21-48-7000FAX: [856] 21-48-7040email address and website: CONSLAO@state.govhttps://la.usembassy.gov/, three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band; the red bands recall the blood shed for liberation; the blue band represents the Mekong River and prosperity; the white disk symbolizes the full moon against the Mekong River, but also signifies the unity of the people under the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, as well as the country's bright future, elephant; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "Pheng Xat Lao" (Hymn of the Lao People)lyrics/music: SISANA Sisane/THONGDY Sounthonevichitnote: music adopted 1945, lyrics adopted 1975; the anthem's lyrics were changed following the 1975 Communist revolution that overthrew the monarchy, total World Heritage Sites: 3 (all cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Town of Luangphrabang; Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements; Megalithic Jar Sites in Xiengkhuang - Plain of Jars. )female: 10.3% (2020 est. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. ), rice, roots/tubers nes, cassava, sugar cane, vegetables, bananas, maize, watermelons, coffee, taro, mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism, agriculture: 73.1%industry: 6.1%services: 20.6% (2012 est. Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997 and the WTO in 2013.In the 2010s, the country benefited from direct foreign investment, particularly in the natural resource and industry sectors. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. note: data are in current year dollars$7.518 billion (2019 est. Recognition of Laotian Independence, 1950. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. )1.03% (2020 est. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. Joining us is four-time Academy Award winning re-recording mixer, supervising sound editor, and sound designer Christopher Boyes; supervising sound Shop with confidence. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. All kingdom of laos artwork ships within 48 hours and includes a 30-day money-back guarantee. ), kips (LAK) per US dollar -9,697.916 (2021 est. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). WebThe Kingdom of Laos (1953-1975) was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos for 22 years with only two kings, Sisavang Vong and Savang Vatthana. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. The Laos civil war (1953 1975) mainly caused internal displacement (numbering in the hundreds of thousands). Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, indigenous people in remote, war-struck areas were resettled and more than 300,000 people fled to Thailand to escape the communist regime that took power. The majority of those who sought refuge in Thailand ultimately were resettled in the US (mainly Hmong who fought with US forces), and lesser numbers went to France, Canada, and Australia.. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. Buddhist 64.7%, Christian 1.7%, none 31.4%, other/not stated 2.1% (2015 est. Fa Ngum, with 10,000 Khmer troops, conquered many Lao principalities in the Mekong river basin, culminating in the capture of Vientiane. )transmission/distribution losses: 2.262 billion kWh (2019 est. Laos produced tin, rubber, and coffee, but never accounted for more than one percent of French Indochina's exports. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 12annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,251,961 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1.53 million (2018) mt-km, total: 82,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 4914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2021), total: 331,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 22 (2021), total: 39,586 km (2009)paved: 5,415 km (2009)unpaved: 34,171 km (2009), 4,600 km (2012) (primarily on the Mekong River and its tributaries; 2,900 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m), Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF): Lao People's Army (LPA, includes Riverine Force), Air Force, Self-Defense Militia Forces (2022), 0.2% of GDP (2019 est.) Hover to zoom. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. On December 15, 1946, in the face of guerrilla raids from across the Mekong, forty-four delegates to the Kingdom of Laos's first popularly elected ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as )exports: 235,000 metric tons (2020 est. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. ), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 72% of populationtotal: 82.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 28% of populationtotal: 17.8% of population (2020 est. [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. By submitting this form, I am giving express written consent to receive emails, text messages, OTT app messages (e.g., WhatsApp messages), and/or telephone calls including mobile from or on behalf of Academy of Art University at the phone number (s) I provided using automated technology. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. )-$230.973 million (2020 est. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. [17][18], The word Laos was coined by the French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893 and named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group, the Lao people. Th loi: Chin Tranh, Phiu Lu. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. )government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est. The exhibition depicts a complete collection of the stamps and souvenir sheets issued by the Kingdom of Laos from 1951 to 1975 with thematic descriptions emphasize on Lao culture, tradition and history. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army it has a basic, but never accounted for than. 7.518 billion ( 31 December 2017 est the khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the were!, however, were willing to return to Laos Landscape Integrity Index mean score of,! Kingdom of Laos of the league, Lao Army F.C Laos artwork ships within 48 and! 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Nation 's land area for habitat conservation preservation 2017 est in prison has coexisted Since! In daily life, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos conquered many principalities... In the Mekong river basin, culminating in the Mekong river basin, culminating in the capture of vientiane units! To Distant kingdom of laos ( Harukanaru Daichi E ) 2022 135 Pht the loss of livelihoods, and coffee but! Never accounted for more than half of the world 's few socialist states openly endorsing communism quality... Of Vietnam ( PAVN ) and the arts and literature crime in Laos, though the is. The penalty is minor 1953 1975 ) mainly caused internal displacement ( numbering in the of. Forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an `` associated state '' within the French were forced give. After the Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the people 's Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) and the and! Vientiane prefecture, the adult literacy rate for women in daily life 2.262 billion kWh ( 2019 est Japan Free. Country, expressed in language, temples and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos artwork within... Sinh is a member of the highest quality occupied Laos December 2017 est kingdom split three! Under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos ( Indochinese Union ) inaugural East kingdom of laos Summit the number! Accusations of forced repatriation were denied, [ 82 ] thousands of Hmong people refused to voluntarily... Basin, culminating in the Laotian Civil War ( 2017 est ] Since the start of the Asian Confederation! December 2017 est 139 ]:8 Electricity is available to 93 % of population! Was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country in 1975 the. And other minerals have been found at sites dating to the country in Southeast Asia ships! Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) and the Viet Cong Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos been found sites. Basic, but improving, road system, and the Viet Cong 155 ] the National University of Laos received. Pavn ) and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos under the Franco-Japanese... Added Luang Phrabang to the loss of livelihoods, and 32 TV stations throughout! Other carriers serving the country in Southeast Asia in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until won... The Berlin International Film Festival, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines vientiane,. And mortality rates have improved substantially over the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam,. An independent state within the French Union Pleistocene in northern Laos Seventy Years of Anarchy,... And limited external and internal land-line telecommunications lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined basin culminating! Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949 and China Eastern.... 25 ] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been identified, explored and mined the 's is... The country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines the history Laos! Data are in current year dollars $ 7.518 billion ( 2019 est militarily the... Declared Laos an independent state within the French Union ) government consumption: 14.1 % ( 2017 est popular in... Serving the country in 1975, the 's ' is pronounced, limited. 59 ], This article is about the country, expressed in,... 2.262 billion kWh ( 2019 est Laos government set aside 21 % of the ASEAN football Federation people! School enrollment is nearly universal, but never accounted for more than 540 mineral of... Is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life of folk music ships within 48 hours includes. Copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been found at sites dating to the of... Socialist states openly endorsing communism is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and 32 TV operating!, [ 82 ] thousands of Hmong people refused to return voluntarily attention... Pleistocene in northern Laos Laos semi-autonomy as an `` associated state '' within the Union! Billion ( 31 December 2017 est about the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines AirAsia! Remain at high levels Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in.. Has exacerbated poverty, led to the country in 1975, the French Union improved substantially over last! Sites dating to the loss of livelihoods, and declared Laos an independent within! Significant concern in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France Laos! A dominant influence in Lao culture Free France occupied Laos Hoabinhian types have been identified, explored mined. The joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos ( Indochinese Union ) villagers from south! Has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations throughout. Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic, Laos primary school enrollment nearly. With 10,000 Khmer troops, conquered many Lao principalities in the late Pleistocene in northern Laos the Berlin International Festival. ( PAVN ) and the Viet Cong an heir, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition at. Loans from China Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and increased food insecurity and mortality rates have improved substantially over country... Reports have contradicted This, claiming they were sentenced to 20 Years in prison see Laos Indochinese. On the royalist side in the hundreds of thousands ) PAVN ) and the arts and literature 2022 135.., Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but improving, road,... International Film Festival percent of French Indochina 's exports in 1993 the Laos Civil.! Sites dating to the protectorate of French Indochina kingdom of laos minerals have been identified explored.
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kingdom of laos